Alcohol use in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To assess alcohol use and perceived change in alcohol consumption (before and during the pandemic) in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, their correlates, and their associations with depressive, anxiety and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 992 individuals in self-isolation. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess whether participants were drinking during self-isolation and whether they changed their drinking behavior (drinking less, more, or no change) from before to during the pandemic. D&A symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). RESULTS: A total of 68.5% of participants reported alcohol consumption during the pandemic, and 22.7% of these reported increased alcohol use. Smoking was positively associated with alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.06-1.85, p < 0.01) and D&A (OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.02-1.87, p = 0.033) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking during self-isolation was prevalent and was associated with risk factors for alcohol use disorders. The long-term effects of high drinking rates and increased consumption should be proactively monitored and assessed.

Alcohol use in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil

Abstract Objectives To assess alcohol use and perceived change in alcohol consumption (before and during the pandemic) in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, their correlates, and their associations with depressive, anxiety and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A). Methods This is a cross-sectional study comprising 992 individuals in self-isolation. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess whether participants were drinking during self-isolation and whether they changed their drinking behavior (drinking less, more, or no change) from before to during the pandemic. D&A symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Results A total of 68.5% of participants reported alcohol consumption during the pandemic, and 22.7% of these reported increased alcohol use. Smoking was positively associated with alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.06-1.85, p < 0.01) and D&A (OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.02-1.87, p = 0.033) symptoms. Conclusions Drinking during self-isolation was prevalent and was associated with risk factors for alcohol use disorders. The long-term effects of high drinking rates and increased consumption should be proactively monitored and assessed.

Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior changes in self-isolating adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a cross-sectional survey exploring correlates.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed major changes on daily-life routine worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantified the changes on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) and its correlates in Brazilians. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the changes (pre versus during pandemic) in time spent in MVPA and SB in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (ii) to explore correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, self-report online web survey, evaluating the time spent in MVPA and SB pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic in self-isolating people in Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical measures, and time in self-isolation were also obtained. Changes in MVPA and SB and their correlates were explored using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Models were adjusted for covariates. Results: A total of 877 participants (72.7% women, 53.7% young adults [18-34 years]) were included. Overall, participants reported a 59.7% reduction (95% CI 35.6-82.2) in time spent on MVPA during the pandemic, equivalent to 64.28 (95% CI 36.06-83.33) minutes per day. Time spent in SB increased 42.0% (95% CI 31.7-52.5), corresponding to an increase of 152.3 (95% CI 111.9-192.7) minutes per day. Greater reductions in MVPA and increases in SB were seen in younger adults, those not married, those employed, and those with a self-reported previous diagnosis of a mental disorder. Conclusions: People in self-isolation significantly reduced MVPA levels and increased SB. Public health strategies are needed to mitigate the impact of self-isolation on MVPA and SB. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11332-021-00788-x.

Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Brazil.

This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the associations of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior with depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A) in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Among the 937 participants (females=72.3%), those performing ≥30 min/day of moderate to vigorous or ≥15 min/day of vigorous physical activity had lower odds of prevalent depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring D&A symptoms. Those spending ≥10 h/day sedentary were more likely to have depressive symptoms.

Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) with depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.Methods: Cross-sectional online survey in self-isolating people. Self-reported MVPA, VPA, MPA, and SB (exposures), and depressive and anxiety symptoms (Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories [BDI and BAI]) were collected. Associations of MVPA, VPA, MPA, and SB with prevalent depressive (BDI>9), anxiety (BAI>7), and D&A (BDI>9+BAI>7) symptoms were investigated using logistic regressions, presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Linear regressions were performed testing associations with symptom severity. Models were adjusted for confounding factors. Results: Participants (n=937, females=72.3%) performing ≥30min/day MVPA or ≥15min/day VPA had lower odds of prevalent depressive (ORMVPA=0.71, 95%CI=0.53-0.96; ORVPA=0.60, 95%CI=0.43-0.82), anxiety (ORMVPA=0.71, 95%CI=0.54-0.96; ORVPA=0.70, 95%CI=0.51-0.96), and co-occurring D&A symptoms (ORMVPA=0.71, 95%CI=0.52-0.96; ORVPA=0.59, 95%CI=0.41-0.83). People spending ≥10h/day sedentary were more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR=1.39,95%CI=1.02-1.90). Each hour spent sedentary corresponded to 0.22 (95%CI=0.10-0.33) points and 0.16 (95%CI=0.02-0.31) points higher on the BDI and BAI, respectively.Conclusion: Higher MVPA and VPA levels are associated with lower odds of depressive, anxiety and D&A symptoms. Higher SB is associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms.

A influência do treinamento de força sobre o défict bilateral para extensão e flexão de joelhos / The influence of strength training in bilateral deficit for extension and knee flexion

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um treinamento de força (TF), unilateral (UL) ou bilateral (BL), no déficit bilateral (DB). O TF foi composto de 2 (duas) séries de 10 (dez) repetições máximas, na cadeira extensora e flexora de joelho, com duração de 8 (oito) semanas e frequência de 3 (três) vezes na semana. Foram randomizados 69 indivíduos em três grupos: grupo unilateral (GU, n=23), realizou o treinamento com uma perna de cada vez, grupo bilateral (GB, n=23) realizou o treinamento com ambas as pernas simultaneamente e o grupo controle (GC, n=23) que não realizou nenhum treinamento neste período. Antes e após o TF, ou não treinamento para o GC, os indivíduos tiveram sua força máxima UL e BL para extensão e flexão de joelho avaliado no dinamômetro isocinético. Tanto o GU quanto o GB produziram aumento estatisticamente significativo (p<0,001) no pico de torque (PT) dos extensores (E) e flexores (F) de joelho do momento pré-intervenção para o momento pós-intervenção no membro direito (D), esquerdo (E) e bilateral (B). O GC não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes no PT dos E e dos F do joelho do momento pré-intervenção para o momento pós-intervenção no membro direito (p=0,769 e p=0,252, respectivamente) e esquerdo (p=0,903 e p=0,114, respectivamente), no entanto, para o PT dos F de joelho, o GC apresentou aumento estatisticamente significante (p=0,004) no teste BL do momento pré-intervenção para o momento pós-intervenção. Houve redução significativa do DB, do momento pré para o pós, apenas para o grupo que executou treinamento bilateral tanto nos E (p<0,001) quanto nos F (p=0,004). Comparando as diferenças percentuais entre os PT antes e após o treinamento dos três grupos estudados, o GC apresentou resultado significativamente menor (p<0,001) do que os grupos experimentais para E e F, Já os grupos de treinamento não apresentaram diferença significativa entre eles para a avaliação BL (p=0,822), ULD (p=0,542) e ULE (p=0,423). Com a designação do tamanho do efeito (TE) do TF na força em indivíduos destreinados em TF, classificado como: trivial 0.51.252.0. Observamos nos E, que o GB produziu um grande ganho de força no teste BL do momento pré para o pós-treinamento e que a execução UL produziu um moderado ganho de força nos testes UL (D e E). Na F observamos que a execução BL produziu também um grande ganho de força nos testes ULD, ULE e BL e na execução UL observamos também um grande ganho de força no teste ULD e um moderado ganho no teste ULE e no BL. Com relação ao TE do TF produzido no DB, observamos que houve uma pequena redução do DB, tanto para os extensores (1.19) quanto para os flexores (0.67) e que o GU e GC também tiveram uma redução do DB, do momento pré para pós-treinamento, mas esta redução foi trivial. Concluímos que qualquer forma de execução do TF, UL ou BL, produz ganho de força em indivíduos destreinados, também verificamos a existência do DB na E e na F de joelhos, em jovens destreinados e que o treinamento BL pode ser mais eficiente na redução do DB em indivíduos destreinados

The object of this study was to care out a force training composed of 2 (two) sets of 10 (ten) maximal repetitions in the knee extensor and flexor chair, with duration of 8 (eight) weeks and frequency of 3 (three) Times in the week. Sixty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: the Unilateral Group (GU, n=23), performed the training with one leg at a time, Bilateral Group (GB, n=23) underwent training with both legs simultaneously and Control Group (GC, n=23) who did not perform any training in this period. Before and after training, or not training, the individuals had their maximum strength UL and BL for extension (E) and knee flexion (F) evaluated in the isokinetic dynamometer. Both GU and GB produced a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in peak torque of knee extensors and flexors from the pre-intervention moment to the post-intervention moment in the right, left and bilateral limbs. The CG did not present statistically significant differences in the peak torque of knee extensors and flexors from the pre-intervention moment to the postintervention moment in the right limb (p=0.769 and p=0.252, respectively) and left (p=0.903 and p=0.114, Respectively). However, for the peak torque of the knee flexors, the CG presented a statistically significant increase (p=0.004) in the bilateral test from the preintervention moment to the post-intervention moment. There was a reduction in bilateral deficit, from the pre-post to the post, only for the group that performed bilateral training in both the extensors (p<0.001) than the experimental groups for the extensors. The training groups did not present significant difference between them for (P=0.822), right unilateral (p=0.542) and left unilateral (p=0.423). With the designation of force effect size in untrained, classified as: trivial 0.5 1.25 2.0). We observed in the extensors that GB produced a large effect on the force gain in the bilateral pre-post-training test and that UL execution produced a moderate effect on the UL (D and E) strength gain. In flexion we observed that bilateral execution also produced a great effect on the strength gain in the ULD, ULE and BL tests and in the UL execution we also observed a great force gain effect in the ULD test and a moderate effect in the ULE test and the BL test. In relation to the size of the TF effect produced in the DB, we observed that there was a small effect on DB reduction for both extensors (1.19) and flexors (0.67) and that GU and GC also had a reduction in DB, From pre-post-training, but this reduction was trivial. We concluded that any form of force training, unilateral or bilateral, produces a significant force gain in untrained individuals, we also verify the existence of DB in extension and knee flexion in untrained youth and that bilateral training may be more efficient In reducing this DB